The Ghost in the Code: Recalibrating the Ontological Boundaries of Legal Personhood for Autonomous Systems

Tamin Ripinra Putra

doi:10.59890/ijla.v4i2.234

Authors

Tamin Ripinra Putra Universitas Islam Riau

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59890/ijla.v4i2.234

Keywords:

Autonomous Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Legal Personhood, AI Governance, Ontological Boundaries

Abstract

This study examines the ontological limitations of contemporary legal systems in addressing the emergence of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence within the framework of legal personhood. The research aims to recalibrate the conceptual boundaries of legal subjectivity by analyzing accountability gaps and the inadequacy of anthropocentric legal doctrines in governing autonomous technologies. This study employed a normative legal research method using conceptual, philosophical, comparative, and statute approaches through the analysis of international artificial intelligence regulations, Indonesian digital governance laws, and techno-legal doctrines. The findings reveal that current legal frameworks remain insufficient to classify autonomous systems within existing categories of legal subjects. The study proposes a functional legal personhood model based on degrees of autonomy and legal impact to strengthen future AI governance and accountability structures.

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