Cultural Tourism and Social Dynamics in Bali: A Review of Sociological Perspectives on Identity, Commodification, and Social Sustainability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/mjst.v3i4.207Keywords:
Cultural Tourism, Bali, Sociological Perspective, Social Dynamics, Social Sustainability, Cultural Commodification, Social Identity, Social Capital, Traditional Institutions, Social TransformationAbstract
Bali's cultural tourism is a complex social phenomenon, growing from the deep interweaving between social systems, cultural values, and the structure of local communities. This article aims to analyze Bali's cultural tourism from a sociological perspective, covering three main dimensions: the sociological foundation of cultural tourism as a social phenomenon, the social dynamics occurring in the practice of cultural tourism, and its relation to the social sustainability of Balinese society. The method used is a Qualitative Literature Review (QLR) with a thematic analysis approach that is interpretative and integrative toward reputable academic literature published mainly since 2020. The study results show that Balinese cultural tourism cannot be understood merely as an economic activity, but rather as a social practice that involves the construction of meaning, negotiation of identity, transformation of values, and continuous changes in social structure. Traditional social institutions such as customary villages, banjar, and subak have been proven to play a central role as social control mechanisms that maintain the balance between openness to tourism and the protection of local values. Cultural commodification, rather than being seen as degradation, is more appropriately understood as an adaptive social strategy that allows Balinese culture to remain alive and relevant amid the pressures of globalization. Nevertheless, social inequality in access to tourism resources, the erosion of community solidarity, and the weakening of customary authority in the face of economic interests remain serious structural challenges to social sustainability
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